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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 87CALIFORNIABattling L.A.'s Smog
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- BY JEANNE MCDOWELL
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- James Lents knows better than anyone else how difficult
- it will be to clean up the smoggy skies of Southern California.
- As executive officer of the South Coast Air Quality Management
- District (AQMD), Lents is charged with enforcing antipollution
- regulations in the 6,600-sq.-mi. area that encompasses Los
- Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange counties. The 12
- million people, 8 million motor vehicles and 31,000 businesses
- in the area spew 1,246 tons of noxious gases into the air every
- day.
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- The southland's smoggy air largely results from poor
- atmospheric ventilation in the bowl-shaped South Coast Air
- Basin, where an "inversion layer" traps pollutants under a lid
- of hot air. In the daytime, ocean breezes waft pollution inland
- all across the basin. Then sunshine triggers a photochemical
- reaction that produces the highest ozone concentration in the
- U.S. Established in 1977, the district aims to bring Southern
- California's air quality into compliance with federal standards
- by 2010. If the agency falls short of that goal, Washington
- could take over. Given the terrain and the hodgepodge of local
- governments involved, only a regional agency stands a chance of
- developing a coherent smog-fighting strategy.
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- In 1989 the district developed an ambitious strategy that
- sets stringent emission levels for everything from motor
- vehicles and power plants to consumer products. To curb the
- southland's addiction to automobiles, businesses with more than
- 100 employees must provide incentives for car pooling and riding
- public transportation; the plan will soon be extended to firms
- with 50 or more workers. Companies that do not comply with the
- rules risk fines as high as $25,000 a day.
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- Another district initiative, however, has angered
- environmentalists. A proposed "market-permit program" would
- allow businesses that meet emission-reduction targets to sell
- unused "emission credits" to firms that have failed to do so.
- Critics charge that the program would encourage well-heeled
- companies to buy their way out of compliance instead of reducing
- pollution.
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- While air quality in Southern California has improved
- substantially, the AQMD's record is mixed. For one thing, the
- agency has postponed its deadline for meeting federal standards
- from the original 2007 deadline. "We have made progress, and the
- air is much better than it was 20 years ago," says Lentz, "but
- this is still the dirtiest air in the nation."
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